Current Events and the U.S Diplomacy Assignment - 3

Current Events and the U.S Diplomacy - Assignment Example An emphasis on United States foreign policy after it discovered that there was Oil in the Persian Gulf, but other threats such as the Soviet Union using their troops were attempting to secure the region. As such, the doctrine stipulates that the United States had already declared its interest in the region (Carlsnaes, Risse-Kappen & Simmons 2013). According to Barfield (2010), the relationship between the United States and Afghanistan dates back to the 18th century although it was officially sealed in 1921 when a treaty was signed to confirm the diplomatic relations that had begun gaining ground. However, the relations between these two countries became much stronger during the Cold War, after the then President Turman declared that the diplomatic relations that had already started growing were going to be strengthened by the fact that senior diplomats from Afghanistan would be placed in each capital in the United States. Between 1948 and 1953, the two countries exchanged numerous diplomatic visits which greatly improved their relations. As a result, the United States began giving Afghanistan economic support in order to build infrastructure especially in major cities since the country had been rated as one of the poorest among the third world countries. Once the economic aspect had begun improving, the United States gave further support on the technical aspect, which was meant to develop skills that would later lead to a modern economy. Nevertheless, the United States declined to give Afghanistan any defense cooperation at the time. In a general sense, the end of the cold war relation between the two countries was characterized by the invasion of educated people from the United States who took over the hospitals, schools and other economic related aspects (Bacevich, 2002). Interestingly, the current relationship between the U.S and Afghanistan is quite complicated especially after the United States was boomed in 2001 by Osama Bin Laden.

White-collar crime and criminal theories Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

White-collar crime and criminal theories - Essay Example Based on the rational choice theory, individuals engage in crime deliberately, and they have the conscious that the act they engage in is criminal. The theory also holds that people engage in white-collar crime on their own and as a result of their own free will (Shover & Hochstetler 2). The rational choice theory states that individuals willing to engage in white-collar crime first evaluate their actions. Based on their evaluation of the situation, the individual then makes an assessment on whether there is a possibility that they will complete the action without any sanctions. The rational choice theory is also states that people who carry out white-collar crime tend to be motivated to do so because of the desire to make illegal gains (Shover & Hochstetler 4). The theory further argues that the entities and individuals engaging in white-collar crime know the consequences of such a crime, but they choose to ignore these consequences and engage in crime regardless of the consequences. For example, a white-collar crime like fraud is carried out intentionally with the aim of getting unscrupulous gains. Corporate entities also engage in white-collar crime intentionally since they know the consequences of such crime (Vito and Jeffrey 63). The other theory, which explains white-collar crime, is the social disorganization theory. According to this theory, the factors around a person have a profound impact on the possibility to commit a crime. The conflicts and inconsistency of institutions play a key role in determining whether the white-collar crime will be committed (Payne 224). The key theorist who advanced the social disorganization theory was Edwin Sutherland. According to him, the social disintegration of society can be regarded as the basis upon which white-collar crime takes place. The disorganization of institutions contributes to white-collar crime since it enables criminals to have an easy way.